Improvement in revolving puddling-furnaces



4 sheets-sheet 2'.

-T.R.GRA1\{PT01\I. Revolving Paddling-Furnace. No. 222,461. PatentedDec. 9, 1879,

FIG lll FIG IV INVENTOR wrrNEssiEs mes@ N. PETERS. FHDTLITMOGRAPHER.WASHINGTON, D t;

T, R CRAMPTON. 4Sheets-Sheet 3. Revolving Pudd'ling-Furnaoe. NO. 222,461

Patented Dec. 9, 1879.

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N. FETERS.PHcT0-|.|THCGRAPHER. WASHINGYCN. D C.

4 Sheets--Sheet 4.

T. R. GRAMPTON. Revlving Paddling-Furnace. No. 222,461.

Patented Dec. 9, 1879.'

FIG XI FIG Vl FIG IX l f. www

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WITNESSES N-FI'ERS, FHOTOvLITMOGAP, WASHINGTON. D. CV

THoMAs nussnLL'centri-non,`

UNITED -S'rar-Es OF WES'IMINSTER, COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX,

ENGLAND. i l

IMPRovEMEN-r IN REvoLvlNc PUnnLlNe-FuamstelV Specilication forming partof LettcrsiPatent No. 222,461. dated December 9, 1879 application tiled`May 5, 1875 patented in England, December 3, 1869, March 28, 1872, andNovember 12, 1873.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, THoMAs RUSSELL GRAMPTON, of Westminster, in thecounty of Middlesex, England, have 'invented certain new and usefulImprovements in Revolving Furnaces for Puddling, Reheating, and theManufacture of Steel, of which the following` 1 is a specification.

rIlhe subject-matterclaimed in this patent is based i primarily uponinventions respectively described in English lpatent-s granted tomeDecember 3, 1869, March 28, 1872, and November 12, 1873, and patentsgranted by the United `States February 7, 1871.

In the English patent'ot' 1869 and in the American patents of 1871 aredescribed various modifications of fixed furnaces and the" manner bywhich powdered fuel and air are' injected at one end into such furnaces,the products of combustion` returning and passing out at the same end..v,y

In the English pate'ntsiof 1872 and 1873 above referred to are describedvarious modilications of revolving furnaces and a mode of cooling them,thefurnace of the last-named l English patent being described as beingap" piece, through which the fuel to heat the furnace is injected beforeundergoing combustion or being submitted to heat, in 4which chamber thefuel lis converted into gas and combustion takes place intheimrnediatepresence ofthe material under treatment.

In such combination of the working-chamber with a single tine-piece thelatter serves primarily as the means of forming the communication withthe chimney, and through which nue-piece both the ingress of fuel andthe egress of the products of combustion are effected through one andthe same opening, and without divisions in the liuc-piece, while at thesame time such flue-piece constitutes the doorto the working andcombustion chamber1 proper.

A revolving puddling-furnace having one end only open is not claimed inthis patent, as it has been before used in combination with a doubleflue-piece and fixed furnace with grate-bars, &c., through one divisionof which nue-piece tlame generated from solid fuel enters, and makes itsexit through the other, impinging or reverberating upon the materialunder treatment in the meantime.

The-fuel and air are injected through the Hue-piece, pass through thetine-opening into the furnace, the products of combustion returningthrough the same undivided opening in the furnace and the flue-pie 3einto the Chimyney, thereby permitting a simple construction of furnace,and enabling all those separate appliances employed in connection withordi- Anary furnaces for generating gas and flame, or

'for burning solid fuel on gratebars, to be entirely dispensed with,thus avoiding the great expense incidental to their first cost andsubsequent maintenance. Besides this, great economy of fuel is effectedby all combustion taking place in the immediate'presence of the materialunder treatment, instead of generat- ,ingA flame or gas in separate orfixed chambers and conducting the flame in and out of a revolvingchamber.

Another important feature in my invention consists in au improvement inthe method of effecting the constant application and circulation ofwater throughout the double shell of the revolving furnace, as describedin my English patent of 1872-that is to say, a revolving 'furnaceprovided with a Water-space at any and all points liable to distortionor destruction from heat, and the construction and combination by whichthis cooling circulation is effected. This is especially important atthe ends of the furnace, where the heat impinges first with greatintensity upon the closed end, but with still more disastrous e'ect atthe open end, or between the revolving part of the furnace and that partof the apparatus which is non-revolving whether the furnace be revolvingor standing', thereby preventing that distortion of furnace andjoint-ring, and consequent excessive wear and tear to .which all otherrevolving furnaces are liable. This feature of my invention alsoembraces a watercirculation within or in contact with the jointring orwearing-surface of the revolving chamber where it makes a working-jointwith the non-revolving due-piece; also, an automatic circulation-cock atthe closed end of the furnace for effecting a positive circulation ofthe water,and, in connection therewith, means for effecting the positivedischarge of the air with the water, carrying off the heat, which airwould otherwise accumulate within the waterspaces and interfere withsuch cooling circulation by displacing the water at the high parts ofthe water-spaces.

Various other features of my invention are involved in this furnace,which will be specifically described, and stated in the claims.

It may be mentioned in this connection that a non-revolving flue-piecewith water-protection is not new; but its combination with au internalwater-cooled joint on the revolving chamber, which of itself is entirelynew and most important, is novel. Revolving furnaces, prior to myinvention, had nomeans for effecting such circulation of water throughor in contact with the joint-ring.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1, Sheet 1, represents an elevationof the side of a revolving furnace embracing my invention, Fig. 2, Sheet1, a horizontal diameter section of the same; Fig. 3, Sheet 2, a topview of the same; Fig. 4,Shect 2, an end elevation of the non-revolvingpart; Fig. 5, Sheet 3, a view of the closed end of the furnace Fig. 6,Sheet 4, a section, on an enlarged scale, of a portion of theworking-joint formed by the revolving and nonrevolving parts of thefurnace 5 Fig. 7, Sheet 3, a section, on an enlarged scale, of the fixedshell and revolving plug of the automatic circulation-cock and thewater-jacket of the furnace, through which the cock provides acirculation; Fig. S, Sheet 4, a crosssection through the recessedportion of the automatic circulationcock and the inlet-pipe for thewater on the line .r Jv of Fig. 7; Fig. 9, Sheet 4, a similar sectiontaken in the line of the outlet-pipe for the waste water andtheairdischarges, which communicate with the water-spaces of the furnace,on line g/ y of Fig. 7; and Figs. 1() and l1, Sheet 4, an elevation andsection of the open end of the furnace, showing a modification of aseparate hollow wearing-ring, through which the water circulates.

The following is a general description and method of carrying out myinvention: I elnploy a single revolving chamber, C, of any convenientform, and line it with any suitable refractory material, and cause it tobe revolved by any ordinary means upon rollers It or other bearings. Themeans shown for effecting the revolving motion of the furnace consist ofa cogged gear, G, secured to the closed end of the furnace, with which ascrew,

S, matches, driven by double-acting engines One end ofthefurnace-chamber C is open at C2, and the other end is closed at C3 andprovided with a water-back. A ue-piece,.F, is employed at the open endof the furnace, and is so mounted upon a fixed standard, S2, Figs. l and4, at one side of the furnace, as to allow it to be swung open from andclosed with the chamber, to form a working-joint therewith, in order torender the flue-piece available as a cover for the opening G2 in therevolving chamber. (See Fig. 2.) The fuel is supplied to the chamber Cthrough this 11nepieee, and the products of combustion make their exitthrough the same opening in the furnace, which is covered by the movableflue piece, and which 4connectsthe single chamber with the chimney A bya `lined part of the une A2 attached thereto.

The flue-piece is opened upon its standard for giving access to thefurnace; or it may have an opening covered with a door suiiciently largeto work the furnace without moving the flue-piece for that purpose.

The single furnace-chamber is heated, by preference, with a mixture ofpowdered fuel and a proportionate quantity of air injected through theflue end at such velocity that the streams of fuel and air will reachthe farther or closed end of the chamber and return therefrom into thedue-piece, and thence into the chimney, allowing ample time for thegeneration of the gases and their perfect combustion, the velocity alsobeing such as to prevent the incoming currents on entering the furnacethrough the flue-piece from being deccted materially by the returningcurrents from t-he chamber.

The movable flue-piece has an opening at its end remote from itsturning-point, which forms a junction with the chimney flue-piece A2,and is lined with a suitable refractory material. Itis mounted upon thexed standard S2 by a bracketsleeve, S3, through which 'the standardpasses, and which sleeve is sup ported by a disk, D, resting and made toturn upon balls a, arranged within a base, to allow the flue-piece to bereadily opened and closed, as shown in Fig. 1.

The entrance of the fuel and air into the furnace is effected through apipe, l?, or pipes, passing at one side of the fine-standard, so thatthere may he no change in the fixed part of said pipes as the fine-pieceis moved upon its support; or the fuel and air may be supplied throughadjustable pipes, or pipes which r are capable of being removed, withoutregard to the flue-piece, from the front of the furnace when theflue-piece is moved aside to give acl cess to the furnace; or thefurnace may be made capable of being removed from the ucpiece and theinjectiugfpipes arranged accordingly.

In some cases, also, these pipes may be arranged so that on the removalof the flue-piece or door thepipes may be allowed to remain,

i permitting the fuel and air to be injected' into y and Akeeping h otthe furnace.'i `'In the construc- -tion shown, however, the fuel andairconveyrespectto the opening-O, Fig. 2, in the outer 11 sidefof theflue-piece orlfurnace. Thisnozzle l has a flat rectan guiarv form, by 1ireference,and is oblong to ht a section of the opening, O', the`position ofV whichr opening may be varied, as

required,`by opening any one of a series of narrow doors, b, hinged'tothe flue-piece side and coveringalarge opening, 0, therein, so as to al-Y low of adjusting the anglel of the nozzle to inject the fuel and airdirectlyupon the-material or away from it. `-The narrow doors b aresecured, when closed, by slide-latches c, tted f into a guide-bar, d. Bymeans of these doors "such a position maybe chosen for the injectjing-pipes, as thenietal boils up, as will .prevent an overiiow into'thefuel-injecting pipes, the

point of discharge of the products of combustion from the nue-piece intothe chimney being also atsuch a height` as will prevent an overflow ofmetal into the chimney, by which j `meansNI ain` enabled to work a muchlarger charge in a given-size furnace than would be the case if theinlet andjoutlet were fixed; as they are Vwhen a separatecoinbustion-cl'iainber isused. l

For the purpose of maintaining the proper mixture or iiiterniinglin g of`fuel a-iidair when passing the curves in the-pipes carrying them intothe furnace, I combinewith the conveying pipe or pipeslD at thejbend orbends therecfa series of divisions, e, vFigs.2 and 3, forining severalchanncls,through 'which the fuel and air 4must pass, and thereby preventthe fuel from being carried by its weight and consequent ysuperiorcentrifugal force to the outside of the curves and-.entering the furnacein an uniniXed condition. A separation takes place in the multipliedchannels; but a sufficient average diffusion of thefuelis maintainedWhere the straight pipes lead off from the curves to cause thenecessarycommingling of the air and fuel before-1th ey are delivered into thefurnace. rlhis is highly important, as the proper'coinbustioiiof -thepowdered fuel and air depends upon a proper mixture thereof.Severalyseparateand distinct pipes may be used to effect this divisionand comming-ling of the fuel. p

In some cases coinbustiblcpil or liquidvfuel may be-substituted forpowdered fuel by injecting itinto the furnace with the requisitequantity of air froiii'the 'same points and 1n lthe saine directionsasthat desired for powdered fuel, by meansof any of the well-known nu n In 'devices for injectingoil and air into ordinary furnaces.

In the `worlring `of the singlefchamber .furnace having a closed end theheat will be such at that pointthat if left unprotected by water a greatdestruction of the lining would result 'from the directimpingement ofthe projected products of combustion. To avoid such difficulty,4 Iconstruct theclosed end of the furnace with a'wate'r-jacket, J Fig. 2,formed by the closed end of the chamber proper. land an outer casing,within which a l circulationl of water takes place, and in thisconnection, and b v means of the Water-'back thus formed, extend suchcirculation not only to the circumferential walisof thechamber W orcylinder by a circumferentialV jacket, W2, but to thev jointring J2, attheopen end, 'connecting with such jacket, thus maintaining acirculation by vmeans of the automatic circulation-cock B from and tosuch cock at the closed end of the chamber` The means whereby to elfectsuch 'circulation will be fully described hereinafter.

I have described and shown the Hue-piece F as swinging` upon a fixedstandard, S2, to bring its joint-ringK in contact with the joint-ring J2of the working-chamber. In 'such function of the flue-piece it would be.liable to the warping' action and the disturbing expansion of the heatfrom the furnace, and, moreover, requires that the joints shall bemaintained in a plane to enable the uering to bear evenly against therevolving jointring. For this purpose l mount the flue-piece upon apivot-point, Z, Fig. 4, under the bottom of the flue-piece, which pivotis carried by the bracket Zz from the sleeve S3, and combine with suchsleeve a shelf-plate, f, upon which restsan angle-iron, g, or bracket,firmly secured to the liuc-piece, and provide such angle-iron g withslots 7i, Fig. 2, having a curve concentric with the pivot Z of saidliuc-piece, and through these slots h stud-bolts from the shelf pass, bywhich to hold the angle-iron g to the shelf j', and allow it to have anadjustment -reon by means of an adj Listing-screw, i, haviiig'itsbearing in a nut, i2, carried by the angle-iron,- and with the point ofsaid screw confined in a socket, j, on the sleeve S3, so'that by turningthe screw i so as to draw the angle-iron to or from the sleeve thehorizontal parallelism of the joint-rings J2 K can always be maintained.to compensate for expansion of the furnace or Wear of the jointrings.In this adjustment the i'liie-pecevF is made to turn upon itssupporting-pivot. The vertical parallelism of the iiuepiece is securedby means of aswinging clamp-screw, H, upon the fixed portion A2 of theflue-piece arranged in a line horizontal through the aXis of thewearing-'rings and the adjusting-screw fi.

This construction and arrangement is equivalent to a single set-screwarranged and acting in the line of the axis of the chamber, to permit ofa vertical parallelism of the two rings, while the horizontal.parallelism is adjusted I from time to time by the screw i, asexpansion or wear may require, and in this way a satisfactory adjustmentof the two wearing-rings with respect to each otheris effected andmaintained, and the joint made to wear uniformly and preserve therequisite tightness.

The working screw or clamp H is carried by a pivoted arm, k so as toadmit of its being turned aside in opening the ue-piece.

The water for cooling the furnace is supplied from a suitable head orpressure through a supply-branch, U,and cock B, which is fixed at theclosed end of the revolving cylinder, concentric with its axis, andextends outward therefrom and terminates in a conical end or plug, B2,Fig. 7, which fits into a non-revolving shell, I, forming a manifoldplug-cock.

The supply-pipe U connects with an annular recess, m, either in the plugor shell of the cock, which recess m leads to and has constantconnection with a central way, B3, through the cock B to its furnaceend. where it communicates with a radialA pipe, K2, Figs. Zand 5, whichextends on the outer side of the jacket J of the closed end of thefurnace until it reaches a point opposite the annular jacket of thefurnace-cylinder, into which it projects through the head and extends asfar as the jacket M of the open end of the furnace, where it deliversthe cold water at z, Fig. 2.

The water carries off the heat through a series ofpipes, T, which aresituated equidistant round the circumference of the closed end ofthefurnace, and converge until they connect with a series ofdischarge-ways, a, which surround the central supply-way, B3, throughthe cock, and terminate in a corresponding number of ports, s, in theplug, which have alternate communication with a recess, t, Figs. 7 and9, in the shell I, to which is attached a single discharge, U2. Theseports s are so arranged that they only permitadischarge from one end ofthe series of pipes T at a time which is uppermost, or a partialdischarge from two pipes, T, which may be uppermost, equivalent to onepipe, as shown by the dotted line x, Fig. 5, and thereby compel theWaste water and air to find theirexitthrough the pipe T, which isuppermost, or the two pipes, either when the furnace is revolving orstationary, preventing the accumulation of air, which would occupy spacewhich should be occupied by water.

To render this construction efficient in its action in removing the air,I make the head of the closed end of the furnace considerably larger, asat p, Fig. 2, than would otherwise be necessary for water alone, andenlarge the outside shell of the furnace, by preference, for a shortdistance at this end, or all the way, if desirable, so as to obtain anannular space or chamber, q, ofsufiicient diameter, so that in case thetwo uppermost exit-pipes T should be equidistant from a vertical centralline When the furnace is being revolved or is stationary, the air couldnot accumulate below a horizontal line above 'the inner skin drawn fromthe end of one exit T to the corresponding end of the other exitfpipe,as in Fig. 5, thereby insuring that the inside shell shall be alwayscovered with' water.

The shell I of the cock B is not rigidly fixed,

but is only prevented from revolving with the plug by a lever, V, havinga limited freedom, and is permitted to partake of any irregular motionof the revolving parts by means of' flexible connections with the fixedsupply and discharge pipes U U2 of the shell.

In the drawings, the shell-lever V is shown as being confined at itslower end within an oblong slot, r, Fig. 5, to give itthat amount offreedom which is necessary to prevent destructive contention between therevolving and non-revolving parts.

The joint-rin gs J2 Kot' the furnace are made hollow and integral partsof the double shells, and communica-te directly all round with thewater-spaces thereof; or they may be secured to the outside surface ofthe outer shell of the revolving furnace and flue-piece, as shown inFigs. 10 and 11, and all the water supplied to the furnace andfiue-piece compelled to traverse these hollow rings, by connecting thesupply-pipes at one point of the rings and making the dischargetherefrom into the jacket at a point diametrically opposite the supply.

The liuc-piece F is constructed with a waterjacket, F2, and a wearing-rin g, K, similarly applied. and the water introduced by a fixed pipe,W3, which joins the fine-piece by a fiex ible connection, X, while thedischarge is made through a flexible pipe, X2, leadiugfrom the top ofthe flue-piece t0 a circular drain concentric with the. sleeve S3, uponwhich the flue-piece turns, whereby such movement does not breakcontinuous connection with the drain. The relation of these twowater-cooled joint-rings is a matter of the last importance in a furnacerequiring a joint between rthe revolving and non-revolving parts, as bysucl combination the power for working the fur nace is reduced toaminmum, waste of mate rial is prevented by leakage betweenwarpedfAlcracked, and dislocated joint-rings, and the' wear and tear, andconsequent loss of time, are prevented to a very important extent.

I desire to state here that in my English patent of 1872 I usedarevolving furnace consisting of two divisions on the same axis; but

in practice I found that by stopping up the division between the twochambers and convertiug the working-chamber into a combustion-chamber aswell, by injecting the fuel in at the open end the combustion was moreperfect, and resulted in my present inven tion of a single revolvingcombustion and working chamber combined, and developed at once a greatSavin g of fuel and cost of construction.

I have described the series of pipes at the closed end of the furnace asthe means for ef feeting the discharge of both the water and i air; butthis arrangement is more specifically designedto effect the dischargeofthe air,\as

` the water may be got rid of-,by a single pipe connecting in anysuitable manner with the cock.

By the term automatic7 I mean that the cock will dischargev the waterdown to, `an established line, and no lower, and that such dischargewill take pla-ce whether the furnace be revolving or standing, as allthe dischargek pipes T, as they descend below the water-line,

` it can accumulate below the established water-line. This is`accomplished by the automatic closing of all the discharge-ports of thecock connecting 'with the radial pipes, which are for the time beingbelow that line, and without regard to the movement of the furnace. Y y

'The following is claimed-'by me as new in revolving paddling-furnaces,namely:

l. A puddlin g-furnace consisting of a sin gl revolving chamber, C,which is the gas-producing chamber, the combustion-chamber, and theworking -or utilizing chamber enveloped in awater-tight jacket, andhaving a jointwearing ring, J2, communicating with said jacket, andcooled by an automatic water-ciri culatiomas described, in combinationwith a flue-piece, F, provided with a similar joint wearing-ring, K,cooled as described.

2. A revolving puddling-furnace enveloped with a water-tight. jacketextending over the closed portions of its open end, in combination withthe wearingjoint-ring J 2, revolving therewith and cooled by acirculation from watertight jacket, substantially as herein set forth.

3. The combination, witha rotary puddliug- `furnace and a water-back, ofan automatic axial circulation-cock, B, and the radial supply-pipe K2,connecting it directly with the furnace-jacket, for efectin g a positivecirculation of water supplied tocool the furnace, substantially asherein set forth.

4. The combination, with a revolving pud- (lling-furnace and aAwater-back, J, of an automatic circulation-cock, B, a series of radialpipes, T, and an annular enlargement, p g, of the water-jacket,connecting the cock with the f water-back, whereby the air-line in thejacket is always kept above the out-side surface of the inner shell of.the furnace and made to communicate `with one, or partially with two,of the uppermost pipes only, whether' the furnace be running orstanding,substantially as herein set forth.

5. In a revolving puddling-furnace, the combination of a central supplyand discharge cock revolving therewith, and a non-revolvin shellenveloping the Vouter-end of said cock having an inlet and an outlet forthe water,

vand held in position by a stop-arm, V, and an endwise-acting spring,whereby to accommodate itself to any irregularity of the cock in itsrevolutions incidental to had workmanship, expansion, or distortion byheal', substantially as herein set forth.

6. The com bination,in a revolving puddlingfurnace, of a supply and.discharge cock re volving therewith and within a self-adjusting shellwith the radial supply-pipe K2 and the horizontal continuation-pipedischarging near f or into the wearing-ring, substantially as herein setforth.

7. The combination, with a' revolving puddling-furuace open at one ,endonly and consisting of a single gas-{.noducing, combustion, and workingchamber, C, of a nue-piece, F, without divisions, and having a singlecentral opening into `the furnace, through which the fuel is injectedand through which the pro; ducts of combustion make their exit into thenue-piece, and thence through a single side opening into the chimney, asherein set forth.

8. The combination, with a revolving puddling-furnace open at one endonly and consisting of a single gas-producing,combustion and workingchamber, C, a-nd a tine-piece, F, having a through-opening, of aconductingpipe, P, and injecting-nozzle N, communicating with the frontopening, O, of said flue piece, substantially as and for the purposeherein set forth.

9. The combination, with a revolving puddling-furnace open at one endonly and consisting of a single gas-producing, combustion, and workingchamber, and a flue-piece, F, having a. through-opening for the passageof fuel and air into thc furnace, of an adjustable injection-pipe, P N,whereby the direct-ion at which, the fuel and air are injected into thefurnace may be varied in relation to the axis-line of the furnace, forthe purpose set forth.-

l0. The combination, with a revolving puddling-furnace and a tine-piecewithout divisions covering the end of said furnace, of an adjustableinjection-pipe, P N, and aseries of narrow doors, b, whereby the angleand position of the nozzle is adapted to a narrow opening by opening anyone of the sectional doors, substantially as herein set forth.

11. The combination, with a revolving puddling-furnace and a tine-piece,F, mounted to be turned to close and open the furnace end, of a nozzleand supply pipe, N P, having joints Q, whereby the nozzle end and itsjointed sections can be turned up out of the way of the opening andclosing movement of the flue.

tiling-furnace, of a flue-piece, F, provided with mechanism which givesit a horizontal and vertical adjustment with relation to thewea-ring-ring ot' the revolving furnace, whereby the non-revolvingiiuepiece ring is caused to bear and wear evenly against the revolvingfurnace joint-ring, substantially as herein set forth.

14. The combination, with a revolving furnace and au adjustableHue-piece, F, mounted upon a. pivoted connection, Z, upon a swingingbracket, Z2, and steadied by a shelf thereon, of an adjustingscrew, i,whereby to effect and maintain the horizontal parallelism of theflue-piece with thc furnace, substantially as herein set forth.

T. R. CRAMPTON.

Witnesses:

E. N. DREW,

9 Victoria. Chambers, Westminster. FRANCIS H. HAMILTON.

